Nestlé’s mineral water brands, including the storied Perrier label, were at the center of a contamination scandal quietly buried by the French government, a Senate investigation revealed Monday. According to the report, officials at the “highest level” of the state apparatus knowingly suppressed evidence that Nestlé used illegal treatments to mask pollution in several of its mineral water products—undermining strict health regulations and public trust in one of France’s most iconic exports.
The investigation, led by a bipartisan Senate commission, accuses regulatory bodies and senior ministers of allowing Nestlé to operate outside legal boundaries for years, despite mounting internal warnings and scientific assessments pointing to widespread quality issues. The findings paint a picture not only of corporate misconduct, but of deep institutional complicity—raising uncomfortable questions about the influence of powerful industry players on government oversight.
In recent years the Swiss food and drinks conglomerate has been under pressure over its Perrier and other brands as EU regulations strictly limit what treatments are allowed for any product marketed as natural mineral water.
“In addition to Nestle Waters’ lack of transparency, it is important to highlight the state’s lack of transparency, both towards local and European authorities and towards the French people,” said the Senate report.
The report follows a six-month-long Senate inquiry involving more than 70 hearings.
“This concealment is part of a deliberate strategy, addressed at the first interministerial meeting on natural mineral waters on October 14, 2021,” said the report.
“Nearly four years later, transparency has still not been achieved,” said the report.
One of the most famous mineral waters in the world, traditionally served on ice with a slice of lemon and obtained from a source in southern France, Perrier was acquired by Nestle in the early 1990s
‘Highest level of the state’
In late 2020, new management at Nestle Waters claims to have discovered the use of prohibited treatments for mineral water at its Perrier, Hepar and Contrex sites.
The company reached out to the government to get help and submit a plan to tackle the problem in mid-2021, and the Elysee Palace afterwards.
Eighteen months later, a plan to replace prohibited ultraviolet treatments and activated carbon filters with microfiltering was approved by the authorities.
The method can be used to remove iron or manganese but the producer has to prove that the water has not been altered.
European law stipulates that natural mineral waters cannot be disinfected or treated in any way that alters its characteristics.
The report said that “despite the consumer fraud represented by water disinfection”, the authorities have not taken legal action in response to the 2021 revelations.
“It was at the highest level of the state that the decision to authorise micro-filtration below the 0.8-micron threshold was taken,” the report said.
The move was in line with decisions taken by the authorities, including the office of then-prime minister Elisabeth Borne, even though she did not appear to have been informed, the report added.
The commission also charged that President Emmanuel Macron’s office “had known, at least since 2022, that Nestle had been cheating for years”.
Alexis Kohler, then secretary general at the Elysée, has met with Nestle executives.
In 2024, Nestle Waters admitted using banned filters and ultra-violet treatment on mineral waters.
The company paid a €2-million ($2.2-million) fine to avoid legal action over the use of illegal water sources and filtering. It said at the time though that the replacement filters were approved by the government and that its water was “pure”.
Discussion about this post