Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, at Davos 2024: "There’s a better way to do globalization"

In the past four years, on many measures, economic progress has stalled. Trade growth has been sluggish. Pandemic, geopolitical and climate-related shocks have caused supply chain turmoil. Near-shoring, reshoring and onshoring have been ticking up, as has protectionism.

In certain ways, it feels like the world has been turning its back on globalization.

“The world was going on a trajectory of globalization and trade until 2020, and then, a lot of things happened that moved us away from that trajectory,” Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director at Mubadala Investment Company, told participants at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2024, in a session titled No recovery without Trade and Investment. That’s problematic, he added, because “with economic development comes prosperity, with prosperity comes stability, with stability ultimately you have peace.”

But World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, who spoke on the same panel as Al Mubarak, shared an important message for leaders and policy-makers: as we look for new growth models, we must ensure that they’re far more inclusive than those of the past.

“We need to think of globalization not in the way it was done before, but differently. And we need to make sure that those who did not benefit during the first round benefit this time,” she said. “The reason globalization got a bad name is because poor people in rich countries were left out, and poor countries or developing countries were at the margin. In the new paradigm, we don’t want to repeat the same story.”

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Okonjo-Iweala also shared some ideas on how we can go about doing that in a pragmatic way that takes into account countries’ concerns about issues like supply chain resilience.

“We have a paradigm at the WTO that can help us do this,” she explained, referring to that paradigm as reglobalization.

“We can diversify our supply chains, deconcentrate those sectors and geographies that are causing a problem by diversifying them to developing countries and other parts of the world that have the right business environment.” It is, she added, something that has already been happening between economies in Europe and Africa. For example, in December, Rwanda and the European Investment Bank announced an alliance to boost investment in critical raw material value chains.

“As we build our economic policies, the question we have to ask is: will this make the life of the people I represent better?” Okonjo-Iweala